1. A ‘long-tail keyword’ is typically characterized by:
A. Being longer, more specific, and having lower search volume but higher conversion rates.
B. Being short, generic, and having very high search volume and competition.
C. Being used primarily for paid advertising campaigns.
D. Being only applicable to image search results.
2. What is the ‘keyword cannibalization’ problem in SEO?
A. When multiple pages on the same website target the exact same keyword, diluting ranking potential.
B. When competitors repeatedly use your brand name in their content.
C. When a website’s content is too similar to its competitors.
D. When search engines incorrectly index website pages.
3. What does the term ‘keyword stuffing’ refer to in SEO?
A. Overusing keywords unnaturally within content to manipulate search rankings.
B. Using a variety of long-tail keywords to target a broad audience.
C. Strategically placing keywords in headings and meta descriptions.
D. Including keywords in image alt text.
4. Which of the following is NOT a common source for keyword ideas?
A. Competitor analysis tools.
B. Customer support tickets and sales team feedback.
C. Randomly generating words from a dictionary.
D. Google’s autocomplete and related searches.
5. What is the primary benefit of using a keyword research tool like Google Keyword Planner?
A. To discover new keyword ideas and get search volume estimates.
B. To analyze the backlink profiles of competitors.
C. To perform technical SEO audits.
D. To monitor website traffic and user behavior.
6. When performing competitive keyword analysis, what is a key metric to compare besides keyword difficulty?
A. Search Volume
B. Page Load Speed
C. Website Age
D. Number of Images
7. What is the role of ‘related searches’ at the bottom of Google’s search results page in keyword research?
A. To provide additional keyword ideas that users also search for.
B. To suggest internal linking opportunities.
C. To indicate the website’s loading speed.
D. To show the most popular social media shares for a topic.
8. Which metric indicates the average number of times a specific keyword is searched for per month?
A. Search Volume
B. Click-Through Rate (CTR)
C. Bounce Rate
D. Keyword Density
9. Which of the following is a best practice for incorporating keywords into website content?
A. Naturally integrate keywords into well-written, user-focused content.
B. Repeat keywords as many times as possible within the first paragraph.
C. Use a thesaurus to replace all instances of the primary keyword with synonyms.
D. Place all keywords in the website’s footer.
10. What does ‘search intent’ refer to in keyword research?
A. The underlying reason or goal a user has when typing a query into a search engine.
B. The number of times a keyword is searched for per month.
C. The difficulty of ranking for a specific keyword.
D. The geographical location of the searcher.
11. Which tool is commonly used to analyze competitor keyword strategies?
A. SEMrush or Ahrefs
B. Google Analytics
C. Google Search Console
D. Microsoft Excel
12. What does ‘keyword density’ measure in relation to a piece of content?
A. The percentage of times a specific keyword appears in the content relative to the total word count.
B. The number of internal links pointing to a page.
C. The frequency of synonyms used for a target keyword.
D. The overall readability score of the content.
13. Which of the following is the primary goal of keyword research in SEO?
A. To identify keyword opportunities that align with user search intent and business goals.
B. To find the most competitive keywords with the highest search volume, regardless of relevance.
C. To optimize website content for internal linking opportunities only.
D. To determine the website’s domain authority and backlink profile.
14. What is the purpose of ‘keyword mapping’ in an SEO strategy?
A. To assign specific target keywords to relevant pages on a website for optimization.
B. To map out a website’s internal linking structure.
C. To identify the most popular social media platforms for a niche.
D. To track the website’s ranking performance over time.
15. Why is it important to consider the ‘user journey’ during keyword research?
A. To identify keywords that match user needs at different stages of awareness and decision-making.
B. To ensure the website has a mobile-friendly design.
C. To analyze the website’s referral traffic sources.
D. To measure the effectiveness of meta descriptions.
16. When categorizing keywords by intent, ‘how to fix a leaky faucet’ would primarily fall under which category?
A. Informational Intent
B. Navigational Intent
C. Transactional Intent
D. Commercial Intent
17. When analyzing search results for a target keyword, what should you primarily look for to understand search intent?
A. The types of content ranking (e.g., blog posts, product pages, videos) and the ‘People Also Ask’ section.
B. The exact domain authority of the top-ranking websites.
C. The speed at which the search results page loads.
D. The number of outbound links on the top-ranking pages.
18. What is the significance of ‘keyword difficulty’ in SEO research?
A. It estimates how hard it will be to rank on the first page of search results for a given keyword.
B. It measures the average click-through rate for a keyword.
C. It indicates the technical SEO health of a website.
D. It determines the cost per click for paid search ads.
19. Which of the following is a characteristic of ‘transactional intent’ keywords?
A. Keywords indicating a user’s desire to purchase a product or service.
B. Keywords used for learning or research purposes.
C. Keywords related to finding a specific website or brand.
D. Keywords focused on comparing different options before a purchase.
20. What is the primary purpose of using ‘People Also Ask’ (PAA) boxes in Google search results for SEO research?
A. To uncover related questions users are asking, which can inform content creation and keyword targeting.
B. To provide direct answers to the user’s initial query.
C. To display advertisements related to the search term.
D. To show the most recently published articles on the topic.
21. What is ‘keyword cannibalization’ in the context of SEO?
A. Using too many keywords on a single page.
B. When multiple pages on the same website target the same keyword or very similar keywords, potentially confusing search engines.
C. Buying keywords from a keyword research tool.
D. Creating content that is not relevant to the target audience.
22. What does ‘search volume’ measure in keyword research?
A. The number of competitors ranking for a keyword.
B. The average number of times a keyword is searched for per month.
C. The percentage of users who click on a search result.
D. The cost of advertising for a specific keyword.
23. Which SEO research technique involves analyzing the structure and content of top-ranking pages for a target keyword?
A. Backlink Analysis
B. Competitor Analysis
C. Content Gap Analysis
D. SERP Analysis (Search Engine Results Page Analysis)
24. What is the primary goal of optimizing for ‘entity search’?
A. To increase the number of backlinks to a website.
B. To help search engines understand the context and relationships between concepts, not just keywords.
C. To improve the website’s loading speed.
D. To rank higher for very broad, generic terms.
25. What is the primary role of a ‘meta description’ in SEO research and implementation?
A. To provide keywords for search engine algorithms to rank the page.
B. To summarize the page’s content and entice users to click from the search results page.
C. To improve the website’s loading speed.
D. To enhance the website’s mobile-friendliness.
26. When analyzing search results for a given keyword, what does the presence of ‘People Also Ask’ (PAA) boxes indicate?
A. That the keyword has very low search volume.
B. That users frequently ask related questions to the initial query, presenting content opportunities.
C. That the search results page is dominated by paid advertisements.
D. That the keyword is outdated and no longer relevant.
27. What is the primary purpose of conducting a ‘content gap analysis’?
A. To identify all keywords a competitor is ranking for.
B. To find topics and keywords that competitors rank for but your website does not, presenting opportunities for new content.
C. To analyze the technical SEO issues on a website.
D. To determine the website’s overall SEO authority.
28. What is the primary purpose of using a keyword research tool like Ahrefs or SEMrush?
A. To automatically generate website content.
B. To identify relevant keywords, analyze their search volume, competition, and related terms.
C. To build backlinks for a website.
D. To design website layouts and user interfaces.
29. What does ‘keyword mapping’ entail in SEO research?
A. Mapping out the website’s internal linking structure.
B. Assigning specific target keywords to relevant pages on a website to avoid keyword cannibalization.
C. Mapping out a competitor’s entire backlink profile.
D. Mapping the user journey through a website.
30. What is the main goal of ‘topic clustering’ in SEO research?
A. To create as many individual blog posts as possible.
B. To organize content around a central ‘pillar’ topic, with supporting ‘cluster’ content linking back to it, establishing topical authority.
C. To solely focus on ranking for broad, high-volume keywords.
D. To increase the number of internal links without regard to relevance.
31. What does ‘search intent mismatch’ mean in SEO?
A. When a website loads too slowly.
B. When the content on a webpage does not align with the user’s underlying reason for performing a search.
C. When a website uses too many outbound links.
D. When a website’s title tag is too long.
32. Which type of search intent is characterized by users looking for a specific website or brand?
A. Informational Intent
B. Transactional Intent
C. Navigational Intent
D. Commercial Investigation Intent
33. What is the primary benefit of competitive analysis in SEO research?
A. To identify the exact keywords competitors are not using.
B. To understand competitor strategies, identify keyword gaps, and discover ranking opportunities.
C. To copy competitor content and backlinks directly.
D. To predict future search engine algorithm updates.
34. What is the primary purpose of using schema markup in SEO research and implementation?
A. To improve website loading speed.
B. To provide structured data to search engines, helping them understand the content and potentially display rich results.
C. To automatically generate backlinks.
D. To hide content from search engines.
35. Which of the following is a primary characteristic of a ‘long-tail keyword’ in SEO research?
A. It is a very broad and general search term.
B. It typically consists of three or more words and is highly specific.
C. It has extremely high search volume and intense competition.
D. It is primarily used for brand awareness campaigns.
36. When performing keyword research, what does ‘keyword intent’ refer to?
A. The popularity of a keyword in terms of search volume.
B. The underlying reason or goal a user has when typing a specific keyword into a search engine.
C. The difficulty of ranking for a particular keyword.
D. The geographical location where a keyword is most frequently searched.
37. Which metric indicates how difficult it is to rank for a specific keyword?
A. Search Volume
B. Click-Through Rate (CTR)
C. Keyword Difficulty (KD)
D. Average Position
38. Which of the following is a characteristic of ‘informational intent’?
A. The user wants to buy a product immediately.
B. The user is looking for a specific website.
C. The user is seeking knowledge or an answer to a question.
D. The user is comparing different brands before making a purchase.
39. According to Google’s guidelines, what is a key factor for determining the relevance of a webpage to a user’s search query?
A. The number of backlinks pointing to the page.
B. The frequency of the exact search query within the page’s content, including title and meta description.
C. The loading speed of the webpage across all devices.
D. The authority and domain rating of the website.
40. Which of the following is a common metric used to assess the authority of a domain or webpage?
A. Bounce Rate
B. Domain Authority (DA) or Domain Rating (DR)
C. Page Load Time
D. Number of Internal Links
41. What is the primary benefit of targeting low-competition keywords with decent search volume?
A. They guarantee immediate top rankings.
B. They offer a more achievable path to ranking and attracting relevant traffic.
C. They always have the highest conversion rates.
D. They require no content optimization.
42. When performing topical research, what is the goal of identifying ‘topic clusters’?
A. To create a single, comprehensive page for every topic.
B. To organize content around a central ‘pillar page’ with supporting ‘cluster pages’ that cover related subtopics, thereby establishing topical authority.
C. To focus only on keywords with the highest search volume within a topic.
D. To avoid any internal linking between related content.
43. What is the primary role of ‘keyword mapping’ in an SEO strategy?
A. To map out a website’s sitemap for search engines.
B. To assign specific target keywords to relevant pages on a website to avoid keyword cannibalization and ensure clear content focus.
C. To map out the physical location of a business for local SEO.
D. To map out the social media presence of a brand.
44. Which of the following is a common tool used for keyword research?
A. Google Analytics
B. Google Search Console
C. Google Keyword Planner
D. Google Ads Editor
45. Which of the following is the primary goal of keyword research in SEO?
A. To identify the most popular search terms used by potential customers.
B. To create as many keywords as possible for a website.
C. To understand user intent behind search queries and match content accordingly.
D. To solely focus on high-volume keywords, regardless of relevance.
46. What is the main purpose of analyzing competitor keywords?
A. To copy all of a competitor’s keywords directly.
B. To identify keywords competitors are ranking for that you may have missed, and to understand their SEO strategy.
C. To find keywords that have no search volume.
D. To understand how many backlinks competitors have.
47. Which of these is NOT a typical metric found in keyword research tools?
A. Average Monthly Searches
B. Keyword Difficulty Score
C. Website Authority Score
D. Cost Per Click (CPC)
48. What is the primary purpose of using ‘suggested searches’ or ‘related searches’ from search engine results pages (SERPs)?
A. To find keywords that are completely unrelated to the user’s initial query.
B. To discover related queries and user interests that can expand keyword research and content ideas.
C. To identify keywords with the highest competition.
D. To find keywords that are no longer used.
49. What is a ‘keyword gap’ in SEO?
A. A keyword with zero search volume.
B. A keyword that a competitor ranks for, but your website does not.
C. A keyword that is too difficult to rank for.
D. A keyword that is irrelevant to your website’s content.
50. Why is it important to consider the ‘searcher’s journey’ during keyword research?
A. To ensure all keywords are transactional.
B. To align content with the user’s stage of awareness and decision-making process.
C. To only target keywords with the highest search volume.
D. To avoid any competition for keywords.
51. Which type of keyword intent is characterized by users looking for solutions to a problem?
A. Navigational Intent
B. Informational Intent
C. Transactional Intent
D. Commercial Investigation Intent
52. Which of the following best describes ‘transactional intent’ keywords?
A. Keywords used to find information or learn something.
B. Keywords used when a user is ready to make a purchase or complete a transaction.
C. Keywords used to navigate to a specific website.
D. Keywords used for general browsing without specific intent.
53. User intent in SEO research refers to:
A. The number of users searching for a keyword.
B. The underlying reason or goal a user has when typing a search query.
C. The geographical location of the searcher.
D. The frequency with which a keyword is searched.
54. Which of the following is an example of a ‘navigational intent’ keyword?
A. how to tie a tie
B. best running shoes
C. facebook login
D. what is SEO
55. What is the role of ‘related keywords’ or ‘LSI keywords’ in SEO research?
A. They are synonyms that should never be used.
B. They are terms semantically related to the main keyword, helping search engines understand the context and topical relevance of your content.
C. They are keywords with extremely high competition.
D. They are keywords with a negative sentiment.
56. In the context of SEO research, what does ‘SERP analysis’ involve?
A. Analyzing website loading speed.
B. Examining the search engine results page for a specific keyword to understand the type of content, structure, and authority of ranking pages.
C. Analyzing the number of backlinks a website has.
D. Checking for broken links on a website.
57. What does ‘keyword cannibalization’ refer to in SEO?
A. When a website ranks for too many keywords.
B. When multiple pages on the same website compete for the same keyword, potentially diluting SEO efforts.
C. When a website uses keywords that are too difficult to rank for.
D. When a website uses keywords with low search volume.
58. When analyzing keyword difficulty, what does a higher score typically indicate?
A. It is easier to rank for that keyword.
B. The keyword has a low search volume.
C. It is more challenging to rank for that keyword due to strong competition.
D. The keyword is highly specific and niche.
59. What distinguishes ‘head terms’ from ‘long-tail keywords’ in SEO research?
A. Head terms are longer and more specific.
B. Head terms have higher search volume and are broader, while long-tail keywords are more specific and have lower search volume but often higher conversion rates.
C. Long-tail keywords are always negative keywords.
D. Head terms are only used by beginners in search.
60. When evaluating keyword metrics, which metric indicates how often a keyword is searched per month?
A. Keyword Difficulty
B. Click-Through Rate (CTR)
C. Search Volume
D. Cost Per Click (CPC)
61. When using an SEO tool to find related keywords, what does the ‘also rank for’ feature typically reveal?
A. The number of expired domains related to the keyword.
B. Keywords that the same ranking pages also rank for, often indicating topical relevance.
C. The average position of a website in search results.
D. The total number of backlinks a page has.
62. What is the most important consideration when selecting keywords for a new website with limited authority?
A. Keywords with the highest possible search volume.
B. Keywords with low to medium competition and clear user intent.
C. Keywords that are trending on social media.
D. Keywords with zero or very low search volume.
63. What is the role of ‘search volume’ in keyword research?
A. It measures how difficult it is to rank for a keyword.
B. It indicates the number of competitors bidding on a keyword.
C. It estimates the average number of times a keyword is searched for per month.
D. It reflects the relevance of a keyword to a specific topic.
64. Which of the following is a key indicator of keyword difficulty in SEO research?
A. The number of images associated with the keyword.
B. The average number of monthly searches for the keyword.
C. The number of referring domains and the authority of competing websites for the keyword.
D. The length of the keyword phrase.
65. Which type of search intent is most closely associated with queries like ‘best running shoes 2024’ or ‘how to choose a laptop’?
A. Navigational Intent.
B. Transactional Intent.
C. Informational Intent.
D. Commercial Investigation Intent.
66. Which metric is most relevant for understanding the commercial intent behind a keyword?
A. Keyword Density.
B. Click-Through Rate (CTR) from search results.
C. Cost Per Click (CPC) in paid search advertising.
D. Number of backlinks pointing to the search results.
67. When analyzing competitor websites during SEO research, what is a crucial aspect to examine regarding their content?
A. The color scheme and font choices used on their pages.
B. The quantity and quality of backlinks pointing to their content.
C. The depth, relevance, and comprehensiveness of their content in relation to target keywords.
D. The number of social media shares their content receives.
68. What is the purpose of a ‘search intent’ analysis in SEO research?
A. To determine the optimal number of keywords to use per page.
B. To understand the user’s underlying goal or reason for performing a specific search query.
C. To measure the loading speed of a website.
D. To identify the most popular social media platforms for a niche.
69. Why is analyzing ‘People Also Ask’ (PAA) boxes in Google search results beneficial for SEO research?
A. It directly provides the ranking of competing websites.
B. It reveals related questions users are asking, offering opportunities for content creation and answering user queries comprehensively.
C. It indicates the average time users spend on a page.
D. It shows the geographic location of searchers.
70. Which of the following is NOT a common type of search intent?
A. Informational.
B. Navigational.
C. Transactional.
D. Technical.
71. What is the primary function of tools like Google Keyword Planner or Ahrefs Keyword Explorer?
A. To automatically generate website content.
B. To analyze website traffic and user behavior.
C. To discover relevant keywords, analyze their search volume, difficulty, and related terms.
D. To build backlinks for a website.
72. What is the primary purpose of performing competitor analysis for keyword research?
A. To copy all of a competitor’s keywords.
B. To understand their keyword strategy, identify opportunities, and find gaps in their coverage.
C. To determine the competitor’s website hosting plan.
D. To analyze their internal linking structure.
73. When identifying ‘seed keywords’, what is their primary characteristic?
A. They are very specific and long-tail phrases.
B. They are broad, general terms that form the foundation for more specific keyword research.
C. They are keywords with zero search volume.
D. They are keywords that have already been identified by competitors.
74. What is the significance of ‘keyword clustering’ in SEO research?
A. It involves randomly selecting keywords for a website.
B. It is the process of grouping semantically related keywords together to target them with a single piece of content or a group of related content pieces.
C. It focuses on identifying keywords with the highest search volume only.
D. It means ranking for a single, very specific keyword.
75. What is the primary benefit of analyzing SERP features like featured snippets and ‘People Also Ask’ boxes during keyword research?
A. To understand the website’s hosting provider.
B. To identify opportunities for content optimization and understand user queries and information needs.
C. To predict future search engine algorithm updates.
D. To determine the website’s meta description length.
76. What does the term ‘keyword gap analysis’ refer to in SEO research?
A. Analyzing the space between keywords on a page.
B. Identifying keywords that competitors rank for, but your website does not.
C. Measuring the gap in loading times between pages.
D. Assessing the difference in domain authority scores.
77. When conducting keyword research, what is the primary goal of identifying ‘long-tail keywords’?
A. To target broad, high-volume search terms.
B. To attract highly specific, often lower-volume but higher-converting search queries.
C. To increase the number of backlinks to a website.
D. To improve the website’s domain authority score.
78. What does ‘keyword cannibalization’ refer to in SEO research?
A. When a website ranks for too many irrelevant keywords.
B. When multiple pages on the same website compete against each other for the same target keywords, potentially diluting ranking signals.
C. When a website uses too many synonyms for a primary keyword.
D. When search engines penalize a website for using keyword stuffing.
79. When evaluating keyword relevance, what is the most important factor to consider?
A. The keyword’s position in the alphabet.
B. The alignment between the keyword’s meaning and the content’s topic and user’s intent.
C. The number of characters in the keyword.
D. The keyword’s popularity on social media.
80. Which of the following best describes a ‘branded keyword’?
A. A keyword with very high search volume.
B. A keyword that includes a specific company name or brand.
C. A keyword that is used in a brand’s advertising campaigns.
D. A keyword related to a brand’s product category.
81. Which type of keyword is characterized by having a high search volume and broad meaning?
A. Head terms
B. Long-tail keywords
C. Navigational keywords
D. Transactional keywords
82. What does ‘keyword difficulty’ (KD) score typically indicate in SEO tools?
A. How hard it is to rank on the first page of Google for a specific keyword.
B. The cost of a pay-per-click (PPC) ad for the keyword.
C. The relevance of the keyword to the website’s content.
D. The number of grammatical errors in content targeting the keyword.
83. What is the purpose of ‘semantically related keywords’ in SEO research?
A. To broaden content relevance and improve understanding by search engines.
B. To target only exact match keywords.
C. To increase the number of keywords on a page artificially.
D. To confuse users with unrelated terms.
84. Which search intent category best describes a search query like ‘how to fix a leaky faucet’?
A. Informational
B. Navigational
C. Commercial Investigation
D. Transactional
85. Which of the following is NOT a common source for finding keyword ideas?
A. Competitor analysis reports
B. User-generated content like forums and Q&A sites
C. Stock market performance data
D. Google Search Console’s performance report
86. Which of the following best describes a ‘seasonal keyword’?
A. A keyword whose search volume fluctuates significantly based on time of year or specific events.
B. A keyword with consistently high search volume throughout the year.
C. A keyword that is always trending.
D. A keyword that is only used in one specific region.
87. What does ‘search intent’ refer to in the context of SEO research?
A. The reason behind a user’s search query.
B. The number of times a keyword is searched per month.
C. The difficulty of ranking for a specific keyword.
D. The geographical location of the searcher.
88. What is the purpose of ‘keyword mapping’ in SEO?
A. To assign specific keywords to relevant pages on a website to avoid cannibalization and ensure clear targeting.
B. To map out the technical structure of a website.
C. To visualize the website’s internal linking structure.
D. To identify the most valuable backlinks for a site.
89. What is the ‘click-through rate’ (CTR) in the context of search engine results pages (SERPs)?
A. The percentage of people who click on a search result after seeing it.
B. The total number of clicks a website receives.
C. The speed at which a page loads after being clicked.
D. The number of times a keyword is clicked.
90. What is the main advantage of targeting ‘long-tail keywords’?
A. They generally have higher conversion rates and lower competition.
B. They are easier to rank for due to higher search volume.
C. They attract a broader, less targeted audience.
D. They require less content creation effort.
91. When analyzing a keyword’s ‘search volume’, what is the general implication of a higher number?
A. More people are searching for that term.
B. It is easier to rank for.
C. The keyword is less relevant.
D. The conversion rate is guaranteed to be higher.
92. What is the primary difference between ‘branded keywords’ and ‘non-branded keywords’?
A. Branded keywords include a company or product name; non-branded keywords do not.
B. Branded keywords have higher search volume than non-branded keywords.
C. Non-branded keywords are always transactional.
D. Branded keywords are easier to rank for.
93. Which of the following is the primary goal of keyword research in SEO?
A. To identify keywords that users type into search engines to find information, products, or services.
B. To create as many keywords as possible for a website.
C. To optimize website content for broad, generic terms.
D. To focus solely on high-volume keywords regardless of search intent.
94. When analyzing competitor keywords, what is a key metric to consider besides search volume?
A. Keyword difficulty or competition.
B. The color scheme of the competitor’s website.
C. The loading speed of the competitor’s homepage.
D. The number of backlinks from social media platforms.
95. Why is it important to analyze ‘People Also Ask’ (PAA) boxes in Google search results?
A. To uncover related questions users are asking, which can be used for content ideas and keyword targeting.
B. To see which websites rank highest for a given query.
C. To determine the average time spent on a page.
D. To identify broken links on the search results page.
96. When conducting keyword research for a new blog post, what should be the first step?
A. Understand the core topic and target audience’s needs.
B. Immediately start using a keyword research tool.
C. Analyze competitor websites for their top keywords.
D. Check the search volume for every possible keyword.
97. What is the main benefit of using Google Search Console for keyword research?
A. It shows keywords your website is already ranking for and how users find your site.
B. It predicts future keyword trends with high accuracy.
C. It provides a direct link to competitor keyword data.
D. It automates the process of writing meta descriptions.
98. Which SEO tool is commonly used to discover keyword ideas and analyze search volume and competition?
A. Google Keyword Planner
B. Adobe Photoshop
C. Microsoft Excel
D. Visual Studio Code
99. What is the primary purpose of using a keyword research tool like Ahrefs or SEMrush?
A. To identify profitable keywords, analyze competitor strategies, and track rankings.
B. To design website graphics and user interfaces.
C. To automate social media posting schedules.
D. To manage email marketing campaigns.
100. A user searches for ‘buy running shoes online’. What search intent is most likely indicated?
A. Transactional
B. Informational
C. Navigational
D. Investigational
